Course Outline ------------- Fall 2008

ECONOMICS 190S

The Development of Modern Economic Thought


Professor E. Roy Weintraub

Office: Social Sciences 320

Phone and Voicemail: 660-1838; email: erw@duke.edu

 

 

"Nobody can separate the `internal' history of science from the `external' history of its allies. The former does not count as history at all. At best it is court historiography, at worst Legends of the Saints. The latter is not history of `science', it is history." (Bruno Latour, The Pasteurization of France, p. 218.)

This class generally concerns the history of 20th century economics, focusing attention on the development of the discipline as a mainstream discourse in the United States. One of the particular concerns of the course will be to suggest the ways, and the history of how, a broad and varied set of approaches and practices early in the 20th century evolved, by late in the 20th century, to a single mainstream, now called neoclassical economics or some such variant, and a variety of marginalized discourses mostly critical of neoclassical economics.

The seminar will meet once a week. There will be required material to be read each week. All required reading is in either a) the paperback The Ordinary Business of Life (OBL) by Backhouse, b) the paperback A History of Economic Theory (HET) by Niehans or c) e-reserve from the library. Some of the recommended material is to be found in The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics, in four large oversize volumes, edited by John Eatwell, Murray Milgate, and Peter Newman. Duke owns three publicly accessible copies of this set of books, one each in the Fuqua and Law School Libraries, and one set in Perkins in the Reference Department. Please use these books at the table in Perkins where the books are shelved, and return them to their places immediately so that others may use them.  Additionally, I have placed texts by Spiegel, by Beaud and Dosteller, and by Screpanti and Zamagni on reserve in the Perkins Reserve Room, on three hour closed reserve; some other materials are also on e-reserve.

Note that there is another excellent source for readings available on the World Wide Web: Professor Roderick Hay made available non-copyrighted materials in the history of economics at Readings on the Web. I should also note that there is a fairly comprehensive, although somewhat idiosyncratic, history of economics website maintained at the New School for Social Research at http://cepa.newschool.edu/het/.

Course Requirements: Each week each student will prepare a one to two page typed response to that week’s non-textbook readings, to be turned in during class. Those responses will be the basis for the seminar discussion. One student will be responsible for leading each week’s discussion, and that student should prepare from the auxiliary and background readings as well. 30% of each student’s course grade will be based on the weekly response papers, and participation in the seminar discussion. 10% of the student’s final grade will be based on the leadership of the class discussions (it is likely that each student will lead two discussions over the semester).

As befits a course with “R” and “W” designations, students will undertake a research project, which will result in a paper. Students are expected to work in pairs as part of a class project,  producing short papers which will serve as sections/chapters of the longer final class project. Resources will include the Social Science Citation Index, JSTOR (the online searchable data base of economics journals), Silver Platter and other tools (including primary materials in the Economists’ Papers Project).

The focus of the course is the class project/paper. In Fall 2008 the class project will be the construction a serious intellectual biography of Calvin Bryce Hoover, who was a founding professor of Duke University. His distinguished career helped place Duke on the “economics map.” Pairs of students will work on the various sections of that project, using published materials, interviews, archival sources, and so on. It may be the case that the final project will be read by one or more faculty members of the Duke Economics Department, who will recommend the final grade that I might assign to the class project. That grade will constitute 60% of each student’s final course grade. Final papers of sufficient merit will be published on the Economics Department’s website and will be made available internationally through the Social Science Research Network website.

I will work closely with you, functioning as your research director, to facilitate development of the project and the emerging paper. We will meet as necessary in tutorial sessions so that I may assess your progress and guide the work that remains to be done. These consultations will specifically involve working with you on successive drafts attending to the structure and argument and language, in short the rhetoric, of the paper as is appropriate for a course that carries the "writing" designation. Your attendance at the seminars and the tutorials is required.

The final paper will be turned in on the last day of class.

 

Weekly discussions are based on common readings to be done by all class members (entries in The New Palgrave are in parentheses):

·         Week 1: Introduction
Required Reading: Prologue, in Backhouse (OBL); Chapters 1, 37 in Niehans (HET). {Background Reading: Chap 16, "A Methodological Postscript" in Mark Blaug, Economic Theory in Retrospect (3rd ed.); Donald Walker, "Ten Major Problems in the Study of the History of Economic Thought", Hist. of Econ. Soc. Bull. 10, 2, Fall 1988; E. R. Weintraub, Chaps. 1, 8 in Stabilizing Dynamics, 1991; Additional Reading can be found in the collection of papers put together by Mark Blaug, The Historiography of Economics (1991).

·         Week 2: English Economics Circa 1900
Required Reading: Chapter 8 (OBL); Chapters 22-23 (HET); Chap 9, "Economic Orthodoxies", in Robert Skidelsky, John Maynard Keynes, 1986. {Background Reading: (Cassel, Volterra, Pareto);  Chap 2, "Cambridge Civilisation", in Robert Skidelsky, John Maynard Keynes, 1986; Chap 8, "The Marginal Revolution" in Mark Blaug; Chap 4, "Leon Walras" in Bruna Ingrao and Giorgio Israel, The Invisible Hand, 1990; (Walras, Marshall, Jevons, Edgeworth, Carl Menger, Russell)}

·         Week 3: The Development of American Economics
Required Reading: Chapter 9 (OBL); William Baumol’s “On Method in U.S. Economics a Century Earlier” American Economic Review, 75 (6) 1985; Bradley Bateman’s "Clearing the Ground: The Demise of the Social Gospel Movement and the Rise of Neoclassicism in American Economics" in Mary Morgan and Malcolm Rutherford’s From Interwar Pluralism to Postwar Neoclassicism (1998); Bradley Bateman’s “Reflections on the Secularization of American Economics” (Duke Library e-journal) Journal of the History of Economic Thought 30, 1, March 2008. {Background Reading: "Marginalism and Historicism in Economics: Chapter 6" of Dorothy Ross’s The Origins of American Social Science (1991)}

·         Week 4: Business Cycles
Required Reading: Required Reading: Chapter 10 (OBL); Chapters 2 & 3 in Mary S. Morgan’s The History of Econometric Ideas (1990). {Background Reading: (business cycles); Judy L. Klein’s Statistical Visions in Time (1997); Kyun Kim’s Equilibrium Business Cycle Theory (1988);  (Hayek, Irving Fisher )}

·         Week 5: Keynes and Revolution?
Required Reading: Chapter 15 of Skidelsky’s John Maynard Keynes, Volume 2; "Chapter 4: Keynes General Theory, A Problem for Historians" of Peter Clarke’s The Keynesian Revolution and its Economic Consequences; The General Theory of Employment by J. M. Keynes: The Quarterly Journal of Economics. Vol. 51, No. 2 (Feb., 1937), pp. 209-223. {Background Reading: Don Patinkin and J. Clark Leith (eds.) Keynes, Cambridge, and the General Theory, 1978; J. M. Keynes, Collected Works, Vol. 13 (The General Theory and After, Part 1, Preparation; (D.H. Robertson, Keynes, Keynes' General Theory, Joan Robinson, Harrod, Hawtry)} 

·         Week 6: General Equilibrium
Required Reading: Chapter 11 (OBL); Chapter 6 in Weintraub’s General Equilibrium Analysis: Studies in Appraisal, 1985.  {Background Reading: Ingrao and Israel, Chap 7; (Karl Menger, David Hilbert, Abraham Wald, John von Neumann, activity analysis, Brouwer's Fixed Point Theorem, Kurt Gödel, Arrow-Debreu Model, etc.)}

·         Week 7: Economics and World War II
Required Reading: Chapters 12 & 13, Backhouse (OBL); (handout) Chapter 4 of Mirowski’s Machine Dreams. {Background Reading: Andrew Pickering’s "Cyborg History and the WWII Regime" in Perspectives on Science, 3, 1995, pp.1-45.}

·         Week 8: The Neoclassical Synthesis
Required Reading: E. R. Weintraub, Chapter 3 in Stabilizing Dynamics (1991) and (handout) Chapter 4 of E. R. Weintraub’s Microfoundations (1979). {Background Reading: Ingrao and Israel, Chap 8; (Ragnar Frisch, George David Birkhoff, Jan Tinbergen, Henri Poincare, Solomon Lefschetz , Liapunov Theory, Paul Samuelson, stability, dynamics, etc.)}

·         Week 9: Game Theory
Required Reading: Philip Mirowski’s "What Were von Neumann and Morgenstern Really Up To?"; and Robert Leonard’s, "Creating a Context For Game Theory" in E. Roy Weintraub's Toward a History of Game Theory (1991).{Background Reading: Philip Mirowski’s "When Games Grow Deadly Serious" in Craufurd Goodwin's Economics and National Security; Robert Leonard "From Parlor Games to Social Science" in Journal of Economic Literature, 33, June 1995, pp.730-761. (neoclassical synthesis, real balance effect, Borel, game theory, Oskar Morgenstern)}

·         Week 10: Neoliberalism 
Required Reading: Backhouse’s “The Rise of Free Market Economics” in Medema and Boettke’s The Role of Government in the History of Economic Thought (2005) (handout); Van Horn and Mirowski’s (unpublished) “The Rise of the Chicago School of Economics and the Birth of Neoliberalism” (2006) (handout)

·         Week 11: Heterodoxies I: Post Keynesianism
Required Reading: Chapter 14, Backhouse (OBL); (handout) Chapter 6 & 7 in J. E. King’s A History of Post Keynesian Macroeconomics.  

·         Week 12: Heterodoxies II: Neo Austrianism
Required Reading: Chapters 5-6 of Karen I. Vaughn’s Austrian Economics in America (1994). {Background Reading: (Hayek); Don Lavoie’s Rivalry and Central Planning: the Socialist Calculation Debate Reconsidered (1985)}

·         Week 13: Heterodoxies III: Anti-Economics

 

 

Last modified August 18, 2008